Organizational Discourse of Social Activities

Presentation Communication is a fundamental piece of everyone’s life, both in day by day exercises and in the work environment. In this way, applied semantics has begun to take a functioning enthusiasm for recognizing the intermittent examples of language utilization by individuals in different settings, with different foundations, and in various expert settings.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Organizational Discourse of Social Activities explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The issue of institutional talk has gone to the front line of logical consideration simply after the quintessence of talk explicitness and cozy connections to the kind of social movement performed have been distinguished. Subsequently, the cutting edge time of verbose phonetics contemplates is set apart by the mission for associations between the theoretical world, making each setting particular, and its acknowledgment through semantic methods during the time s pent proficient correspondence. Considering language to be correspondence as an information based ideas empowers the specialists to draw the fundamental equals between the development of common information, the arrangement of conveyed cognizance and information partaking in the institutional settings as basic variables for institutional talk look into. These issues are taken as the fundamental hypothetical system of the current paper to distinguish the institutional kinds run of the mill for specific establishments, just as the approaches to accomplish the informative objectives inside the institutional setting. The second piece of the work is devoted to an increasingly down to earth review of institutional kinds and information making in budgetary organizations, in the Canadian setting specifically. The general motivation behind the paper is to recognize the explicitness of institutional classes, to decide their objectives and importance inside organizations, and to associate the h ypothetical discoveries on the experimental research achieved by such creators as Smart and Darville. The Theoretical Framework of the Literature Review The idea of talk. The idea of talk is the key determining purpose of the present hypothetical system, as it really comprises the subject of examination. It very well may be characterized from the formalist and basic point of view as â€Å"language over the clause† (Stubbs, 1983, refered to in Mayr, 2008, p. 7).Advertising Looking for inquire about paper on talk? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This definition envelops the association and union of the language yet speaks to a to some degree constrained viewpoint of review the social setting, singular qualities of the speaker, the capacities and reasons for etymological acts. Henceforth, the functionalist worldview for considering the talk is progressively appropriate for the current research †it means the talk as â€Å"language in use† (Mayr, 2008, p. 7). As indicated by the functionalist approach, language ought to mirror the social part of its use, so it can't be confined from the setting in which it is applied. Passing judgment on the language use from the perspective of talk infers that language is viewed as activity and social conduct, a specific type of social practice (Mayr, 2008, p. 9). This understanding into the thought of talk is amazingly useful for the institutional talk investigation as it helps see language as the two-path connection between the verbose occasion and the circumstance, the foundation, the social structure wherein it happens (Mayr, 2008, p. 8). Language is in this way an essential supporter of the development of the social reality and reality development overall. Taking the hypothesis of Foucault about language as a lot of proclamations to portray a specific theme, the specialist can likewise draw matches with the institutional talk investigation (Mayr, 2 008, p. 8). Getting from Foucault’s postulation, the talk really develops the subject for conversation and administers the manner in which it might be genuinely examined, which is crucial during the time spent institutional talk examination, with the best possible respect of the particular themes, builds and ideas shaping the conveyed cognizance structure specifically foundations. Basic talk and authoritative talk investigation. The basic talk investigation fills in as the primary instrument for talk examination in the current work, since it speaks to hypothesis and technique for the manner in which language is utilized by people and organizations (Mayr, 2008, p. 8).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Organizational Discourse of Social Activities explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It investigates the connections between talk, force, strength and social imbalance, and examines the manners in which talk can create, recreate, and keep up those connections (Mayr, 2008, p. 9). In any case, the basic talk examination needs to adopt the interdisciplinary strategy to have the option to get a handle on the large number of collaborations and authorized procedures in the talk development. As far as finding the satisfactory interdisciplinary methodology, the specialist needs to bring a more profound knowledge into the authoritative talk examination that gives the system to the investigation of specific institutional talks as particular elements. It draws its techniques from the hypothetical semantics that gives the hypothetical system for depicting the structure and elements of the language utilized specifically foundations, and from sociolinguistics that gives implies for building up social relations inside the language utilization, for example, solidarity, power, social personality and systems (Fox, 2004, p. 183). The basic talk examination might be actualized to uncover the ideas of causality and assurance inside the v erbose language structures, while the media hypothesis investigated as of late can give clarifications to the idea of the institutional discourse’s accessibility (Fox, 2004). Foundations and institutional talk. The job that the institutional talk plays in forming the establishments these days is generally perceived. The foundations are viewed as ready to make and force talks, and they can likewise encourage certain characters inside their system. In any case, the inquiry emerges on why the language is so significant in the advanced institutional research. The appropriate response exists in the system of the information driven society that utilizes language and talk to unite real factors portrayed. Since the establishments have the essential job in the truth development, it emerges and disguises in the institutional social works on, characterizing personalities of individuals, through the particular phonetic methods (Mayr, 2008, p. 6). The multifaceted nature in recognizing th e institutional talk gets from the unpredictability in characterizing the establishment itself; there are fluctuating definitions including both the idea of the structure where a specific association is found, the association itself (normally identified with training, open help or culture), or the spot for the consideration for down and out, incapacitated or sick (Mayr, 2008, p. 4).Advertising Searching for explore paper on talk? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The idea of a foundation is firmly connected to the issue of intensity, as the delegates of the establishment are typically alluded to as ‘experts’, and non-agents are viewed as ‘clients’ (Mayr, 2008, p. 4). Also, establishments force power on individuals (by methods for influence and assent) and use language to comprise a lucid social reality, to create designs for shared comprehension of the organization explicit ideas that individuals apply in their social practices (Mayr, 2008, p. 4). There are shifting suppositions on the job of the institutional talk; it used to be viewed as a bureaucratic-instrumental, legitimate, and prohibitive apparatus for forcing the institutional guidelines on representatives and outside customers. In any case, these days there is a lot of research demonstrating the gainful elements of the institutional talk too †individuals from the foundation use it to share the expert reasonable world, and to build the particular institu tional information (Mayr, 2008). Disciplinary points of view of business talk. There are numerous controls that turned out supportive in the investigation of the institutional talk; some of them are etymological human sciences, sexual orientation considers, the social development of the real world, and pragmatics (Bargiella-Chiappini, 2009, pp. 194-256). These controls can be effectively applied to rambling examination in different institutional settings. For instance, phonetic human sciences gives the subjective examination of intermittent topics and examples of the hierarchical talks (e.g., story at the work environment used in the current investigation). Sexual orientation considers are a helpful device for the examination in the field of gendered talks and can be applied for finding the semantic examples applied by people in different institutional settings. The social development of the truth is helpful in the examination where the institutional talk is seen as a result of soci al activity, and where the social part of information making and correspondence thereof acquires the prevailing criticalness. Pragmatics has given the talk examination such devices as the discourse demonstration hypothesis (that is effectively applied to dissecting different business and institutional talks) and the agreeable standards of language utilization in institutional settings (Bargiella-Chiappini, 2009, pp. 194-256). The Applied Example of Professional Discourse in Financial Institutions As it originates from the past segment, the advancement of institutional sorts is an unavoidable component of correspondence and language application

Construction Of Real Numbers

Development Of Real Numbers All mathematicians know (or think they think) about the genuine numbers. Anyway as a rule we simply acknowledge the genuine numbers as being there instead of considering exactly what they are. In this undertaking I will endeavors to respond to that question. We will start with positive whole numbers and afterward progressively build the judicious lastly the genuine numbers. Likewise demonstrating how genuine numbers fulfill the aphorism of the upper bound, while judicious numbers don't. This shows every genuine number join towards the Cauchys succession. 1 Introduction What is genuine examination; genuine investigation is a field in arithmetic which is applied in numerous zones including number hypothesis, likelihood hypothesis. All mathematicians know (or think they think) about the genuine numbers. Anyway as a rule we simply acknowledge the genuine numbers as being there as opposed to considering accurately what they are. The point of this examination is to break down number hypothesis to show the distinction between genuine numbers and balanced numbers. Improvements in math were basically made in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Models from the writing can be given, for example, the evidence that Ï€ can't be levelheaded by Lambert, 1971. During the advancement of math in the seventeenth century the whole arrangement of genuine numbers were utilized without having them characterized plainly. The primary individual to discharge a definition on genuine numbers was Georg Cantor in 1871. In 1874 Georg Cantor uncovered that the arrangement of every single genuine number are uncountable boundless however the arrangement of every arithmetical number are countable unbounded. As should be obvious, genuine examination is a to some degree hypothetical field that is firmly identified with scientific ideas utilized in many parts of financial matters, for example, analytics and likelihood hypothesis. The idea that I have discussed in my undertaking are the genuine number framework. 2 Definitions Common numbers Common numbers are the key numbers which we use to tally. We can include and duplicate two common numbers and the outcome would be another regular number, these tasks comply with different guidelines. (Stirling, p.2, 1997) Normal numbers Normal numbers comprises of all quantities of the structure a/b where an and b are whole numbers and that b ≠0, objective numbers are generally called parts. The utilization of normal numbers licenses us to settle conditions. For instance; a + b = c, promotion = e, for a where b, c, d, e are for the most part judicious numbers and a ≠0. Activities of deduction and division (with non zero divisor) are conceivable with every single sane number. (Stirling, p.2, 1997) Genuine numbers Genuine numbers can likewise be called nonsensical numbers as they are not levelheaded numbers like pi, square base of 2, e (the base of regular log). Genuine numbers can be given by an endless number of decimals; genuine numbers are utilized to gauge nonstop amounts. There are two essential properties that are associated with genuine numbers requested fields and least upper limits. Requested fields state that genuine numbers includes a field with expansion, increase and division by non zero number. For the least upper bound on the off chance that a non void arrangement of genuine numbers has an upper bound, at that point it is called least upper bound. Groupings A Sequence is a lot of numbers orchestrated in a specific request so we realize which number is first, second, third and so forth and that at any positive characteristic number at n; we realize that the number will be in nth spot. On the off chance that a grouping has a capacity, an, at that point we can indicate the nth term by an. A grouping is ordinarily meant by a1, a2, a3, a4†¦ this whole successions can be composed as or (an). You can utilize any letter to indicate the arrangement like x, y, z and so forth so giving (xn), (yn), (zn) as groupings We can likewise make aftereffect from arrangements, so on the off chance that we state that (bn) is an aftereffect of (an) if for each n∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ we get; bn = hatchet for some x ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ and bn+1 = by for some y ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ and x > y. We can then again envision an aftereffect of an arrangement being a succession that has had terms missing from the first grouping for instance we can say that a2, a4 is an aftereffect if a1, a2, a3, a4. An arrangement is expanding if an+1 ≠¥ a ∀ n ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬ ¢. Correspondingly, a grouping is diminishing if an+1 ≠¤ a ∀ n ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬ ¢. In the event that the arrangement is either expanding or diminishing it is known as a monotone succession. There are a few unique sorts of arrangements, for example, Cauchy succession, merged grouping, monotonic grouping, Fibonacci succession, look and see arrangement. I will discuss just 2 of the successions Cauchy and Convergent arrangements. Focalized arrangements A succession (an) of genuine number is known as a joined groupings if a keeps an eye on a limited breaking point as nâ†'∞. On the off chance that we state that (a) has a breaking point a∈ F whenever given any ÃŽ µ > 0, ÃŽ µ ∈ F, k∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ | an a | < ÃŽ µ n ≠¥ k In the event that a has a cutoff an, at that point we can compose it as liman = an or (a) â†' a. Cauchy Sequence A Cauchy grouping is a succession where numbers become nearer to one another as the arrangement advances. On the off chance that we state that (an) is a Cauchy arrangement whenever given any ÃŽ µ > 0, ÃŽ µ ∈ F, k∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ | an am | < ÃŽ µ n,m ≠¥ k. Gary Sng Chee Hien, (2001). Limited sets, Upper Bounds, Least Upper Bounds A set is called limited if there is a sure feeling of limited size. A set R of genuine numbers is called limited of there is a genuine number Q with the end goal that Q ≠¥ r for all r in R. the number M is known as the upper bound of R. A set is limited on the off chance that it has both upper and lower limits. This is extendable to subsets of any in part requested set. A subset Q of a halfway arranged set R is called limited previously. In the event that there is a component of Q ≠¥ r for all r in R, the component Q is called an upper bound of R 3 Real number framework Regular Numbers Regular numbers (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬ ¢) can be indicated by 1,2,3†¦ we can characterize them by their properties arranged by connection. So on the off chance that we think about a set S, if the connection is not exactly or equivalent to on S For each x, y ∈ S x ≠¤ y as well as y ≠¤ x In the event that x ≠¤ y and y ≠¤ x, at that point x = y In the event that x ≠¤ y and y ≠¤ z, at that point x ≠¤ z In the event that every one of the 3 properties are met we can consider S an arranged set. (Giles, p.1, 1972) Genuine numbers Aphorisms for genuine numbers can be spilt in to 3 gatherings; mathematical, request and fulfillment. Logarithmic Axioms For all x, y ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ , x + y ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢  and xy ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ . For all x, y, z ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ , (x + y) + z = x (y + z). For all x, y ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ , x + y = y + x. There is a number 0 ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢  with the end goal that x + 0 = x = 0 + x for all x ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ . For every x ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ , there exists a relating number (- x) ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢  with the end goal that x + (- x) = 0 = (- x) + x For all x, y, z ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ , (x y) z = x (y z). For all x, y ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢  x y = y x. There is number 1 ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢  with the end goal that x 1 = x = 1 x, for all x ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢  For every x ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢  with the end goal that x ≠0, there is a comparing number (x-1) ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢  to such an extent that (x-1) = 1 = (x-1) x A10. For all x, y, z ∈ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ , x (y + z) = x y + x z (Hart, p.11, 2001) Request Axioms Any pair x, y of genuine numbers fulfills accurately one of the accompanying relations: (a) x < y; (b) x = y; (c) y < x. In the event that x < y and y < z, at that point x < z. In the event that x < y, at that point x + z < y +z. In the event that x < y and z > 0, at that point x z < y z (Hart, p.12, 2001) Culmination Axiom In the event that a non-void set A has an upper bound, it has a least upper bound The thing which recognizes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢  from is the Completeness Axiom. An upper bound of a non-void subset An of R is a component b ∈R with b a for each of the a ∈A. A component M ∈ R is a least upper bound or supremum of An if M is an upper bound of An and in the event that b is an upper bound of An, at that point b M. That is, in the event that M is a least upper bound of An, at that point (b ∈ R)(x ∈ A)(b x) b M A lower bound of a non-void subset An of R is a component d ∈ R with d a for each of the a ∈A. A component m ∈ R is a biggest lower bound or infimum of An if m is a lower bound of An and in the event that d is an upper bound of An, at that point m d. In the event that every one of the 3 adages are fulfilled it is known as a total arranged field. John oConnor (2002) maxims of genuine numbers Objective numbers Aphorisms for Rational numbers The aphorism of balanced numbers work with +, x and the connection ≠¤, they can be characterized on comparing to what we know on N. For on +(add) has the accompanying properties. For each x,y ∈ , there is a special component x + y ∈ For each x,y ∈ , x + y = y + x For each x,y,z ∈ , (x + y) + z = x + (y + z) There exists a novel component 0 ∈ with the end goal that x + 0 = x for all x ∈ To each x ∈ there exists a novel component (- x) ∈ with the end goal that x + (- x) = 0 For on x(multiplication) has the accompanying properties. To each x,y ∈ , there is a novel component x y ∈ For each x,y ∈ , x y = y x For each x,y,z ∈ , (x y) x z = x (y x z) There exists an exceptional component 1 ∈ with the end goal that x 1 = x for all x ∈ To each x ∈ , x ≠0 there exists an exceptional component ∈ with the end goal that x = 1 For both include and duplication properties there is a closer, commutative, cooperative, personality and opposite on + and x, the two properties can be connected by. For each x,y,z ∈ , x (y + z) = (x y) + (x z) For with a request connection of ≠¤, the connection property is <. For each x ∈ , either x < 0, 0 < x or x = 0 For each x,y ∈ , where 0 < x, 0 < y then 0 < x + y and 0 < x y For each x,y ∈ , x < y if 0 < y x (Giles, pp.3-4, 1972) From both the aphorisms of discerning numbers and genuine numbers, we can see that they are about the equivalent separated from a couple of bits like balanced numbers don't contain square foundation of 2 while genuine numbers do. Both levelheaded and genuine numbers

Huntington

Huntington Huntington. 1 City (1990 pop. 16,389), seat of Huntington co., NE Ind.; inc. 1848. It is a farm trade center and an industrial city. Manufactures include automotive parts, machinery, construction materials, food and beverages, cleaning agents, fireplaces, electrical equipment, rubber, and plastic. Huntington College and the Dan Quayle Center and Museum are in the city. The nearby Forks of the Wabash were a Native American gathering place and early trade center. 2 Uninc. town (1990 pop. 18,243), Suffolk co., SE N.Y., on the northern shore of Long Island; settled 1653. It is the heart of a township containing 17 contiguous communities, noted for their precision manufactures. The town, which is chiefly residential, has numerous harbors and boatyards. It is the seat of Immaculate Conception College and World Friends College. 3 City (1990 pop. 54,844), seat of Cabell co., W W.Va., on the Ohio River; founded 1871 as the western terminus of the Chesapeake Ohio RR and named for the C O's president. The second largest city in the state, it is a commercial center and a river port that ships bituminous coal. It has railyards and glass and chemical industries. Other manufactures include transportation equipment, furniture, and wood and metal products. Marshall Univ. is there. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

The Communication Barriers Of Deaf People - 972 Words

Our world has changed so much, especially for Deaf people. Less than a century ago, the ability to text and email weren’t available, and communication between Deaf and hearing people seemed much harder. Deaf people became weary of interactions with hearing people, for fear of being scammed or cheated. People who were hearing and knew sign language were sparse. Love Is Never Silent shows the communication barriers and how, for a Deaf couple, they relied on their hearing daughter to be their ears in the world. The story begins with Margaret, a young girl living with her Deaf parents and hearing brother. Her brother dies at a young age, leaving her parents with only their daughter to help them communicate verbally with the hearing world. As Margaret grows up, she notices their distrust and weariness of hearing people and that without her, they don’t have an easy way to communicate. She feels pressure and responsibility to take care of them and to be their ears in the world . Margaret doesn’t like feeling â€Å"different† because of the fact she knows sign and her parents are Deaf, so she doesn’t have many friends and only signs at home. When she meets and marries a hearing man named William, she is torn between helping her parents communicate with hearing people and being with him. Her parents struggle to adjust and accept Margaret’s new life with William, especially when she moves away and they don’t have a translator. Margaret’s parents relied on her for simple interactions.Show MoreRelatedDeaf : A Cultural Identity849 Words   |  4 PagesDeaf Population There are approximately 35 million people with a range of hearing loss in the United States (Hamill Stein, 2001). Roughly half a million deaf people don’t consider their deafness as a disability or medical disorder. They view their deafness from a cultural perspective. They consider themselves a pride in being deaf. Deaf culture has its own social norms, views, values and historical figures and more on identity formation (Hamill Stein, 2001). With a capital â€Å"D’, this is consideredRead MoreChildren With Disabilities Education Act924 Words   |  4 Pagesabout deaf education. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) states, â€Å"all children with disabilities are entitled to a free appropriate public education to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living.† It can be really hard to decide whether or not to send a child to a deaf school or mainstream them into general education. This is why it is important to be aware of the legal, social, and academic aspects on mainstream Deaf educationRead MoreDeaf Again By Mark Drolsbaugh1511 Words   |  7 PagesIn Mark Drolsbaugh’s book, Deaf Again, he is able to bring the reader through his life struggles and triumphs as a member of the Deaf community. There were three major themes that reoccurred throughout his life. These themes consist of communication barriers, a negative image on d eafness, and limitations on social experiences. An example of communication barriers starts in the beginning with his birth. From the beginning, he talked about how his parents struggled to communicate with the doctors whenRead MoreStudents Who Are Deaf Or Hard Of Hearing With Autism?1341 Words   |  6 Pagesare Deaf or Hard of Hearing with Autism Spectrum Introduction There is little research done about children who are deaf or hard of hearing that coincides with autism spectrum disorder. Deaf children with autism are rare, but we do not hear very much about them even though deaf children carry an autism diagnosis (1-59) than in the general population (1-91) (Szymanski, 2012). Teachers who are certified in special education often see students with autism, however, when a student who is deaf withRead MoreP3 Explain Factors That May Influence Communication and Interpersonal Interactions in Health and Social Care Environments1140 Words   |  5 PagesTask 3 P3 explain factors that may influence communication and interpersonal interactions in Health and Social Care Environments Section 1 Barriers to communication A barrier blocks and stops something from getting through. There are different types of communication barriers that stop communication from going well. Three types of communication barriers are shown below. Communication is not received- They may not respond to the language needs or preferences. Not understanding sensory impairmentRead MoreThe Everyday Challenges Of A Person Who Is Deaf : At The Workplace Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe Everyday Challenges of a person who is Deaf: At the Workplace When it comes to everyday challenges faced by Deaf individuals, many instances come to mind where discrimination can take place, but for the sake of this paper I will be focusing on those instances that occur in the workplace, why they happen, and what can be done to remedy them. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), there are approximately 28 million Americans that have some level of hearing lossRead MoreI Learned At A Young Age Of What A Stereotype Really Means764 Words   |  4 Pagesyoung age of what a stereotype really means. When people look at me or speak with me, they think I am a simple white girl who grew up in the perfect house. I would say I have spent most of my life being sheltered by my mother. My mother is an amazing woman who had high goals in life for my sister and I. My mom was a single mom raising us alone, she never thought she would face a challenge which is having a deaf daughter. People do not realize being deaf is challengin g in so many ways. Every teenagerRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Communication For Different Social Groups And Use Specific Interpersonal Strategy1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of communication necessarily involves â€Å"an exchange of ideas and an ability to stimulate meaning for the recipient of the message†(Grover, 2005). Effective communication can be influenced by varies components such as gender, hierarchy, trust, self-disclosure, empathy, mutuality and context. This paper will discuss the importance for nurses to use effective communication skills in regards to different social groups and use specific interpersonal strategy. Additionally it identifies howRead More Teachers Options Essay1716 Words   |  7 PagesTeachers Options There are many options open to teachers of deaf children in a variety of situations. In teaching deaf and hard of hearing children there is such a wide range of children, each with their own abilities. Each child also has a different family situation to take into account. Some children come from deaf families, some they are the only deaf family member, and some have no support from their families because they are deaf. There are also students that have family members that makeRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among Deaf Community And Service Providers Working With The Deaf Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesThere has been a growing interest in the field of substance abuse among the deaf community and service providers working with the Deaf. In 1990, Gallaudet University hosted a national conference on Substance Abuse in the Deaf Community, and since then there has been a noticeable increase in sharing information and compiling lists of available resources in the country. The approaches to adv ocating for services vary from community to community. Some are decentralized; others focus on one aspect of

Exemplification Essay Mixing of Religion and the State

We have based the very existence of our country on the belief that complete separation of church and state is best for the church and is best for the state. However, throughout history the roles between religion and American public life remain interwoven and continue to shape our beliefs and values. In order to begin to understand the role of religion in American public life, one must first recognize that religion is present in many aspects of ones life. Even though the United States Constitution provides for separation of religion and government, most aspects of government include religion as a basis for its operating procedures. The U.S. Senate and House of Representatives begin each session with prayer. Another example of the†¦show more content†¦Student attendance was voluntary. Some people thought it was wrong for the principal to allow the students to hold the assembly and to actively participate in it as well; they believed that this was violating the law. However, having this assembly at school changed many students outlook on life (Biema). Inviting other religious leaders to explain their beliefs might also have been beneficial. As a nation whose motto is, In God We Trust, public schools should welcome the opportunity of teaching different religions in healthy and wholesome ways without fear of violating the First Amendment. Members of the Religious Liberty, Public Education, and the Future of American Democracy developed six categories explaining what they thought were some conflicts between religion and education. Their statements were based on the First Amendment. One of these categories suggests that public schools should not try to force religion, but schools should not punish those who wish to pray at school either. Schools need to treat an individual with respect and honor their religious beliefs (StatementsÉ). Students in public schools have the right to say grace before a meal and to read Scriptures from The Bible or read from other religious sources. The students can also try to persuade their peers about religious activities, but school officials must intervene if the conversation becomes harassment. It is perfectlyShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:

Health for All Children Free Essays

Is health for all children an achievable goal? The world’s children have rights to health which are enshrined in international law. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Articles 6 and 24 pertain to the rights of children to life, survival and development, enjoyment of the highest attainable standards of health and facilities for the treatment of illness and the rehabilitation of health (Block 4, p. 94). We will write a custom essay sample on Health for All Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, every year throughout the world vast numbers of children suffer ill health and die. Nearly 11 million children still die each year before their fifth birthday, often from readily preventable causes. An estimated 150 million children are malnourished (UNICEF 2001) (Block 4, p. 94. ) What follows is an exploration of the causes and treatments of ill health looking at the major challenges of poverty, inequality, culture and gender, and the social and political dimensions of such matters.The effectiveness or otherwise of international health intervention programmes is analysed and a measure of the progress made so far and the possibility of health for the world’s children becoming a realistic goal is discussed. Health is a culturally constructed concept, a collection of ideas and beliefs gathered from our experiences of living within a family, community and wider society. It is recognised by health professionals, theorists and researchers that being healthy means different things to different people.When considering matters of health it needs to be understood that health and disease are complex terms that are more than just a matter of genetics. Health is influenced by personal, cultural, social, economic and political circumstances. The definition of the term health as used by the World Health Organisation (WHO) since 1948 is as follows: ‘a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. (WHO, 2009). The WHO definition promotes an holistic view of health that has been criticised for being idealistic and difficult to put into practice. What is important about this definition is that it is a positive interpretation that implies that health for all is something that can be achieved. Certainly this definition has aided thinking around health as more than simply the absence of infirmity and emphasises a social dimension. Globalisation, economics, adverse living conditions, the lack of availability of primary health care, differing social practices and cultural notions of health are all factors that impact on the health of people.These factors present both challenges and opportunities for the world regarding the possibility of achieving health for all children. Medical advancements in the latter half of the twentieth century has seen most notably the development of antibiotics, vitamins, vaccinations for serious infectious diseases such as Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Chicken Pox, to name but a few, along with a vaccination that eradicated Small Pox.One advantage of globalisation is the increasing awareness of the plight of children in developing countries which has marshalled medical intervention and has resulted in a drastic decrease in child and young people’s mortality rates. However, despite advancements in medical technology, the availability of health treatments has not guaranteed the eradication of some preventable and curable illnesses (for example, Diarrhoea). Diarrhoea can be treated very effectively with a low cost intervention. Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) prevent dehydration which is the cause of deaths amongst children with diarrhoea. However, in studies of the Huli people in Papua New Guinea it was noted that although at first the mortality rate from diarrhoea fell as a result of the ORS intervention programme, the improvements were not sustained and the Huli people became dissatisfied with the treatment.The Huli people desired a treatment that would address the symptoms of diarrhoea: dry up the runny stools of the sick children. Administering ORS fluids didn’t make sense and clashed with their understanding of the illness. Furthermore, the need to dissolve the ORS medication in water necessitates a clean water supply, something so basic but something that isn’t always available in communities in the South. The ‘Miracle cure’ or ‘Magic bullet’ for diarrhoea, ORS, is an example of how selective, vertical interventions may save lives. But it is also a prime example of how a purely medical approach to health does little to improve the quality of lives when other causes of illness such as poor sanitation and lack of clean water are not addressed. (Block 4, p. 125). A Western biomedical approach to the treatment of ill health has its limitations. Technological cures in the form of drugs, although vitally important, will on their own do little but not enough to make health an attainable goal for the world’s children.The concept of human rights and rights for children has gained increased recognition across the world. The status of children has been raised and children’s interests placed on political agenda’s throughout many states. ‘As of November 2009, 194 countries ratified, accepted, or acceded to the UNCRC (some with stated reservations or interpretations) including every member of the United Nations except Somalia and the United States. Somalia has announced that it would shortly do so’ (Wikipedia, 2010).Yet there remains concern about the real levels of commitment to concepts of children’s rights and concern about the lack of accountability to make nations uphold right’s for children. Through media coverage of world catastrophes, such as famines and droughts and through campaigns delivered by humanitarian and charitable organisations an ethical and moral debate is taking place about the need to address global health that has pricked the moral conscience. What is now required is effective systems that can help realise children’s rights and mobilise efforts to make health for all an achievable goal.The economic power of some nations and global corporations, and structural a djustment programmes (SAP’s) have created imbalances of power and forces that have worked against health goals with the effect of widening economic disparities between rich and poor across and within nations. SAP’s have been imposed to ensure debt repayment and economic restructuring. But some poor countries have had to reduce spending on things like health, education and development, while debt repayment and other economic policies have been made the priority.For many basic health care has become a service that can only be accessed if an individual has money to purchase it. Free health care has become less about a human right and more of a commodity to be bought. A further challenge to health for children in relation to economics is that within countries where there is political instability and conflict nations priorities become one of national security, funding arms and defense programmes and as a result there is decreased funding for basic care and education. At present an attitude prevails that nations should ‘look after heir own’. There does exists a humanitarian approach to supporting poorer countries at times of emergency but there are no effective systems that legally oblige nations to work together to ensure that basic living conditions, heal th care and the right’s of children are upheld. A change of attitude within and across nations and governments regarding whose responsibility it is to intervene and the importance of intervening to produce more egalitarian societies would go a long way to making health for all children an achievable goal. Global medical advancements, the development in the concept of rights for children internationally and world economic systems have been investigated to demonstrate how they have resulted in both opportunities and challenges to improving health for all children. Yet it is also necessary to look closer at the more personal experiences encountered by children and families and focus on the social and cultural factors that impact on health.Securing health for all children requires more than having medical expertise and drugs on hand to prevent and/or treat medical ailments. Several examples of differing cultural understandings around illness can be offered that illustrates this idea. The Bozo tribe of Mali believe that red urine in adolescent boys, a condition caused by a parasitic infection, is normal and indicates sexual maturity; as such it is celebrated as a sign of males reaching manhood. Within the Bozo tribal people the symptoms are not viewed as a sign of illness and the condition goes untreated.In Nigeria 76% of women perceive diarrhoea as a symptom of teething and as such a normal part of growth and development and not something which requires treatment (Block 4, p. 103). In both these examples the cultural and social dimensions of ill health contrast with Western biomedical approaches to children’s health. When culturally interpreted ideas of health conflict with medical systems where there is a focus purely on the biological causation of illness, the acceptance of a diagnosis and treatment of a condition can be problematic.Some challenges in achieving health for all children is managing and resolving the clash of differing world views regarding health, that is, people’s perceptions of health together with their level of understanding and acceptance of scientific notions of health, and how to increase community participation in health programmes. UNICEF states that ‘chronic poverty remains the greatest obstacle to fulfilling the rights of children’. In the UNICEF book, ‘We are the Children’, it is cited that half of humanity is desperately impoverished and half of the 1. billion people forced to live on l ess than $1 per day are children. (Block 4, p. 108). UNICEF and the World Bank have defined absolute poverty (less than $1 per day per person) as being the minimum amount that purchases the goods and services deemed necessary for basic survival. (Block 4, p. 49). This definition is most appropriate for those living in the poorest countries of the South, however, poverty affects many children living within the richest countries of the world also.Relative rather than absolute poverty, that is, the inequality and deprivation experienced relative to those better off living in the same society, can impact on health causing emotional stress, humiliation and social exclusion. Andrea Ashworth writing about her experiences of growing up in Manchester in the 1970’s described the multiple effects of poverty that she experienced; living in a flea infested home, eating a less than nutritious diet, the shame of not being able to afford certain basic items of food, the stress that poverty had on her mother and how it manifested symptoms of depression that impacted on the whole family. Reading B, Ashworth). Studies by the Child Poverty Action Group in the United Kingdom concludes that children growing up in poverty are more likely to be born prematurely, suffer chronic illnesses in later life, die from accidents, live in poor quality homes, have fewer employment opportunities, get in trouble with the police and be at greater risk of alcohol or drug misuse. Poverty impacts on both the physical and mental health of children and their overall quality of life. (Block 4, p. 57).In order to make improvements in the health of the world’s children it is nece ssary therefore not simply to make health care freely available to all but to confront and tackle wider issues of social justice, inequality and poverty. Cuba is an example of a country with limited material resources that has created a more egalitarian society by providing food, employment, education and health care for all. They now have infant mortality rates on a par with some of the world’s wealthiest countries.Similarly, in Bangladesh as a result of a national commitment to invest in basic social services, the under fives mortality rate has decreased substantially. (Block 4, p. 109). This is strong evidence of the ability to make health for all an achievable goal if there is government commitment to tackling social justice and inequality. A further dimension of inequality is the discrimination in matters of health based on gender, birth order and social status at a local level. In cases of malnutrition in Mali, Dettwyler identified that access or entitlement to resources is shaped ‘by the social relations prevailing between and within families within communities’ (Block 4, p. 119). Dettwyler provides an example of discrimination against children that begins with discrimination against the mother. Aminata, since she was fostered by the family, was considered to be of low status. When she became pregnant with twins her status was further lowered along with her entitlement to food and freedoms.She had to accept a life of drudgery and hard work providing for others in the family which took precedence over caring for her own children who were suffering from malnutrition despite food being in plentiful supply. Aminata’s quality of life only improved when one of her children died, the other was sent away and Aminata married into a new family. Her social standing increased along with her quality of life. Aminata gave birth to three more children, two of whom survived and were reported to be only mildly malnourished. Reading C). Beliefs about female inferiority within many parts of the world impacts on rates of malnutrition and mortality amongst girls compared to boys. Studies have shown in India and China that girls are less likely to be breast fed for as long boys, are less likely to be given extra food and more likely to be abandoned. These social attitudes and practices towards girls can be changed through development policy on the education of females.Through education the chances of health and survival of children can be improved (Block 4, p. 116) It has been argued that to achieve health for all children multiple factors need to be addressed. Free basic primary health care needs to be available to all, yet this on its own will do a little but not enough to sustain health and survival. Sustainability requires adequate housing, sanitation, clean water and an environment free from pollutants. Education, skills training and employment enable people to contribute to society.They are determinants of health in that they raise self-esteem, feelings of worth and have the ability to empower, organise and rally people together to make changes to advance wealth and health. The health of the world’s children cannot be left in the hands of humanitarian and charitable organisations. Unscrupulous governments and some economic policies are malign forces that impede progress. The ethical and moral questions regarding international intervention and the level of responsibility that different nations should or can have towards the peoples of other nations are difficult to answer.However, the goal of health for all, as complicated or impossible it may at first seem, has seen progress which should not be underestimated. Within sixty years the WHO has been set up, the UNCRC has been established, international policies have been devised that have bound nations to working together, unprecedented medical knowledge has been gained, lessons regarding what has worked and hasn’t worked have been learnt, cultural understandings have been developed and ethical and moral debates keep the issue of poverty and health in the minds of all.The world is entering a crucial phase where the scope to tackle world poverty and health of children is beginning to be realised. The know-how, expertise and resources exist to achieve health for all children. Perhaps the greatest ch allenge to success is establishing worldwide commitment to the endeavour.Word count 2,505 References Open University (2007) U212, Changing Childhoods, Local and Global, Block 4, Achieving Health for Children, Milton Keynes, The Open University Open University (2007), Changing Childhoods, Local and Global, Block 4, Achieving Health for all Children, Reading C, ‘Cases of Malnutrition in Mali’, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Open University (2007), Changing Childhoods, Local and Global, Block 4, Children, Poverty and Social Inequality, Reading B, ‘Once in a House on Fire’, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Wikipedia 2010 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/UNCRC [accessed 5 September 2010] World Health Organisation 2003 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/UNCRC [accessed 5 September 2010] How to cite Health for All Children, Papers

Stanley Kubrick as an auteur Essay Example

Stanley Kubrick as an auteur Paper He was born in NY at the end of 1920s. Although he was an intelligent child he did not get good grades at school. As a teenager he got interested of chess and photography. He used chess for training his intellectual skills and photographhy for his artistic characteristics. These two teenager hobbies are noticeable from his films as motifs. For example in 2001: the Space Odyssey: the Jupiter explorers crew is playing chess against HAL and in Dr. Strangelove the president of USA is having a chessgame against the head of Soviet Union. In Full Metal Jacket the main character Joker is working as a photojournalist for the TheLook-magazine just like Kubick was earlier in his life. He also became highly interested of movies and used to watch films very enthusiasticly during his teenyears. He made some documentaries before entering into the world of Hollywood. Film Noir classic The Killing is Kubricks the first remarkable film. After that fillm he made Paths of Glory and Spartacus with Kirk Douglas. Soon finishing those films he moved permanently to England because he got frustrated with Hollywood. After this point he made his best films starting with Lolita and ending to the Full Metal Jacket. Kubrick finished his last film, Eyes Wide Shut just before he passed away while sleeping. A Filmmaker Stanley Kubrick was an auteur because throughout his films there were repeating elements of theme and style. Kubrick was known as a perfeonistic filmmaker who didnt hesitate taking severial retakes during shooting. Kubrick usually worked with filmprojects for many years before even the actual shootings. He worked with 2001 for four years before it was released. We will write a custom essay sample on Stanley Kubrick as an auteur specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stanley Kubrick as an auteur specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stanley Kubrick as an auteur specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Kubrick managed to make only sixteen films during his lifetime, including masterpieces like Dr. Strangelove , 2001 , Clockwork Orange, The Shining and Full Metall Jacket. His films are usually loved or hated. He has made controversial films which have beed widely debated and criticized, for example Clockwork Orange because of the violence within the film or Lolita where an older man, Humbert is dreaming and lusting a young teenager girl Lolita. Like his films characters he was also an obsessive personality. He concentrated on the dark side of human and generally his films are considered cold and pessimistic with. Stanley Kubrick worked with different genres, for example science-fiction, war and even (dark) comedy. He was an experimental filmmaker, for example in Barry Lyndon he used only natural light. In his every film he associates with errors of emotions and the futility of intelligence and thinking. 2001 is great example for this, in that movie the achievement of intelligence, HAL tries to kill the crew and human presented by Bowman needs to leave techonoly behind for the rehumanization. Themes Kubricks main themes were 1) imaginary worlds, 2) dehumanization, 3) death (homicide-suicide-murder), 4) obsessive main character and 5) a journey of films character. Hes charecters are living in their own imaginary world with their own thougths more or less isolated without any connection to reality. In Dr. Strangelove perhaps the best examples are Ripper with the fear of communists and Major Kong with his doomsdaymission to drop the bombs which will cause the destroyment of the whole mankind. In 2001 HAL and the whole crew is somehow living in a illusion. The HALs fatal thougths killing the humans and the crew for trusting on HAL with the price of their lives. Dehumazation is noticeable very obviously in 2001, where HAL seems to be more human than the machinelike humans themselves. Kubrick makes viewer symphatize for HAL when Bowman is switching it (him? ) off. Also in Strangelove a (doomsday) machine is in control. Kubricks films have involve death quite a lot. In 2001 HAL kills almost the whole crew before he is killled by Bowman. There is either homicide, suicide or murder aspects in his films. Characters with strong obsession are also part of Kubricks movies. Bowman has a obsession in first place to survive and secondly to get into the stargate. Theres also the last theme the journey of Bowman, the main character. From a cold machinelike human into rehumanization and rebirth. Styles Kubrick uses symmetric image composition and shots down the length of tall paraller walls. In 2001 especially the computer room in the shutting-down-HAL sequence and the whole Jupiter explorers inside itself. In Kubricks films action usually takes place in isolated places. For example the Jupiter explorer or in The Shining the Overlook hotel. There is narration or titles in every film of Kubrick. In 2001 there is minimum innertitles. Long and slow zooming in/out is often used by Kubrick. In the Space Odyssey a zoom in was used when Bowman and Poole were having a dangerous chat inside the pod when HAL was reading from their lips. Zooming out was used in Barry Lyndon at the beginning of every sequence. Stanley Kubrick preferred already composed music because then he know exectly hows it going be wrok. 2001 contained Strauss, Clockwork Orange included Beethoven and Dr. Strangelove featured Well meet again at the ends mushroom cloud sequence. Close ups of intensively emotional/distorted faces belonged to his films. For example Bowmans faces during the podtrip in the stargate or in The Shining when Jack Torrance came through the door by an axe. The Shining and 2001 have incommon also the tracking shots, for example Danny cycling around the hotel and Bowman and Poole wondering around the explorer. Dr. Strangelove had also tracking shots inside the bomber following the crew going up and down the fuselage of the plane. Signature The most legendary signature of Kubrick is the Glare which shows the emotional meltdown of a character. Its a close up of the actor with his head slightly down, but eyes looking up directly into the camera. Best example of this is Alex in the milkbar at the beginning of Clockwork Orange. It has suggested that even the HAL has it in the 2001. Bathrooms and toilets are used in key roles in his films. In 2001 there were instructions to zero-gravity toilet on the wall of space craft. Ripper committed a suicide in bathroom in the Dr. Strangelove. 114 was the number of Jupiter explorer in 2001 and in Dr. Strangelove it was the number of the decoder which served quite important role in the movie.

Free Essays on Controversies

Juveniles The legal system dealing with juveniles is controversial because they have several different parts to them. There’s the sentencing, the death penalty, being held accountable for their actions, and other things. It’s controversial because it deals with children and deciding the rest of their lives at times. Lately we’ve seen more and more juveniles committing crimes. They’re the ones killing people nowadays and a lot of them are getting off. They aren’t being held accountable for their actions because they’re to young. The law says that if you’re under 10 years old and you commit a crime, you can’t be held accountable for your actions. I believe that’s true in some cases but in other cases, it’s wrong. If a little kid, who’s under 10 years old, commits some small crime then I can understand where he’s not held accountable. If someone kills someone, I don’t care how old he or she is, they should be held accountable. Other times, the lawyers pleads a bad home life to help get the juvenile off. The lawyer makes the juvenile the victim, instead of the culprit. I think that juveniles should be held accountable for their actions. I don’t like how a juvenile, who’s 15, will get a prison senten ce for 20 years but will barely serve any of it. They’ll be sent to a juvenile prison and serve time there until they’re 18 or 21 and then their case will be reviewed. A lot of the time, they’ll be released because they’re young and they had good behavior in prison. If they’d been an adult, they’d have to spend time in a real prison and then have to see a parole board. I think that the courts are to easy on some of the juveniles. I think juveniles who kill or rape someone, or commit several bad crimes, should be treated like an adult. Someone opposed to my opinion would probably have a lot to say. They’d argue that they’re only children and they don’t understand the dep... Free Essays on Controversies Free Essays on Controversies Juveniles The legal system dealing with juveniles is controversial because they have several different parts to them. There’s the sentencing, the death penalty, being held accountable for their actions, and other things. It’s controversial because it deals with children and deciding the rest of their lives at times. Lately we’ve seen more and more juveniles committing crimes. They’re the ones killing people nowadays and a lot of them are getting off. They aren’t being held accountable for their actions because they’re to young. The law says that if you’re under 10 years old and you commit a crime, you can’t be held accountable for your actions. I believe that’s true in some cases but in other cases, it’s wrong. If a little kid, who’s under 10 years old, commits some small crime then I can understand where he’s not held accountable. If someone kills someone, I don’t care how old he or she is, they should be held accountable. Other times, the lawyers pleads a bad home life to help get the juvenile off. The lawyer makes the juvenile the victim, instead of the culprit. I think that juveniles should be held accountable for their actions. I don’t like how a juvenile, who’s 15, will get a prison senten ce for 20 years but will barely serve any of it. They’ll be sent to a juvenile prison and serve time there until they’re 18 or 21 and then their case will be reviewed. A lot of the time, they’ll be released because they’re young and they had good behavior in prison. If they’d been an adult, they’d have to spend time in a real prison and then have to see a parole board. I think that the courts are to easy on some of the juveniles. I think juveniles who kill or rape someone, or commit several bad crimes, should be treated like an adult. Someone opposed to my opinion would probably have a lot to say. They’d argue that they’re only children and they don’t understand the dep...

Juliets Monologues From Shakespeares Tragedy

Juliets Monologues From Shakespeares Tragedy Who is the protagonist of Romeo and Juliet? Do both titular characters share that role  equally? Typically, stories and plays focus on one protagonist and the rest are supporting characters (with an antagonist or two thrown in for good measure). Some might argue that Romeo is the main character because he gets a bit more stage time, not to mention a couple of sword fights! However, Juliet experiences a great deal of family pressure as well as an ongoing inner conflict. If we label the protagonist as the character that experiences the deepest level of conflict, then maybe the story is really about this young girl who is swept up by her emotions, caught up in what will become the most tragic love story in the English language. Here are some key moments in the life of Juliet Capulet. Each monologue reveals the growth of her character. The Balcony Scene In her most famous speech and her first monologue, Juliet wonders why the newfound love (or lust) of her life is cursed with the last name Montague, the long-standing enemy of her family. The monologue beings with the now famous line: O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? She then continues to say: Deny thy father and refuse thy name This reveals how their families have an antagonist history, thus their love would be frowned upon and difficult to pursue. However, Juliet justifies to herself why she should continue to love Romeo despite their family history, essentially saying that a name is superficial and does not necessarily make up a man. Tis but thy name that is my enemy;Thou art thyself, though not a Montague....Whats in a name? that which we call a roseBy any other name would smell as sweet. Declarations of Love In the balcony scene, Juliet is talking to herself, not realizing that Romeo is hidden in the garden, listening to her every word. After she discovers that he has been there all along, they two star-crossed lovers profess their affections. Here are some lines from the monologue  and a translation into simple English. Thou knowst the mask of night is on my face,Else would a maiden blush bepaint my cheek Juliet is blushing from thinking about Romeo and is happy that it is night time so that no one can see how red her face is and how excited she is.   Dost thou love me? I know thou wilt say Ay,And I will take thy word: yet if thou swearst,Thou mayst prove false; at lovers perjuriesThen say, Jove laughs. As any person giddily in love can relate to, you always are wondering if that person loves you back. Juliet is anxious about whether or not Romeo likes her, and even if he says he loves her, does he mean it or is he being a flirt? Juliets Choice In her last lengthy monologue, Juliet takes a big risk by deciding to trust in the friars plan to fake her own death and wake within the tomb to find Romeo waiting for her. Here, she contemplates the potential danger of her decision, unleashing a combination of fear and determination. The following are some lines with a quick breakdown. Come, vial.What if this mixture do not work at all?Shall I be married then to-morrow morning?No, no: this shall forbid it: lie thou there.(Laying down her dagger.) These lines reveal that Juliet has a plan b in case the potion doesnt work and she is forced to marry someone else her family has chosen for her. Her backup plan is to kill herself with her dagger. What if it be a poison, which the friarSubtly hath ministerd to have me dead,Lest in this marriage he should be dishonourd,Because he married me before to Romeo?I fear it is: and yet, methinks, it should not,For he hath still been tried a holy man. Now, Juliet is second-guessing whether or not the friar is being honest with her, is the potion a sleeping potion or a lethal one? Since the friar married the couple in secret, Juliet is nervous that the friar is now trying to cover up what he did by killing her in case he gets in trouble with either the Capulets or Montagues. In the end, Juliet calms herself by saying the friar is a holy man and wouldnt trick her. How if, when I am laid into the tomb,I wake before the time that RomeoCome to redeem me? theres a fearful point!Shall I not, then, be stifled in the vault,To whose foul mouth no healthsome air breathes in,And there die strangled ere my Romeo comes? Thinking of other worst-case scenarios, Juliet wonders what would happen if the sleeping potion wore off before Romeo could remove her from the tomb and she suffocated to death.   But in the end, Juliet rashly decides to take the potion as she exclaims: Romeo, I come! this do I drink to thee.

Choose a particular strategy and evaluate it in light of the future Essay

Choose a particular strategy and evaluate it in light of the future aims of Biocote Ltd - Essay Example Market penetration strategies are most effective when a company seeks to expand its product market. The Biocote’s Ltd current market has its limitation and venturing into other markets will benefit the company immensely. This paper will discuss in detail how Biocote Ltd can implement market penetration strategies and evaluate the strategy. Biocote Ltd can rely on price penetration as one of the most effective approaches used by other businesses that pursuing market penetration. Price penetration requires the company to lower the prices of its products, a factor that is likely to attract new customers in the new market. Adopting a cost production approach will allow Biocote Ltd to lower its prices and have a competitive advantage over its competitors. In other cases, modifying the product may justify the price reduction to increase sales later. Lowering prices has often proved to be an effective strategy for companies that need to penetrate into new markets. The executive and marketing team of Biocote Ltd should give this aspect a proper consideration. A second effective approach to implementing a market penetration strategy is through increased promotions. Notably, promotions have the capacity to create brand awareness and motivate customers in a new market to try out the products. Increased brand recognition and awareness translate into increased sales. Therefore, promotions can help Biocote Ltd to establish a strong customer base in the new market. The company should introduce promotions such as trade discounts and other offers when it moves into a new market. However, there is a salient need for Biocote Ltd to be more aware of the dynamics defining the new markets, as well as the customer preferences and dynamics. Such knowledge will help the company design the most effective promotion. Biocote Ltd can register increased sales in both the healthcare

Module 5 Discussion Taca Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Module 5 Discussion Taca - Assignment Example First, the author’s use of flashbacks in successive paragraphs ensures that the narrator gives us enough background of former events. It implies that Russell is concerned with merging both the present and the past for the essence of not only memory, but equally growing up. ‘Long after you have supposedly been cured of malaria, the fever can flare up, the tremors can shake you (Russell 3).’ Therefore, the sentence is favourite to me because it reminds of the narrator’s personal fears. My first reaction on reading it evoked the feelings of a timid childhood that were often characterized by small fears. It means the author evoked the reaction through the inclusion of the disease called malaria that is prevalent in different areas around the world. Second, the idea of growing up in Russell’s story has the connotations of symbolism of innocence of the Mother’s obsession with her child to suppress important memory of growing up and

Analysis of the Korean Film Industry

Analysis of the Korean Film Industry CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This dissertation consists of six chapters. The first chapter gives a detailed background of the Korean Film Industry, its origin and development and how it has led to the so-called ‘Korean wave or ‘Korean fever†. It also explains this term in order to give a better understanding of the title. The next chapter consists of literature review, which will form the basis of the findings and the conclusion. The third chapter is a case study, I which the top films of Korea will be discussed and compared with some top Chinese films. The fourth chapter will go on to explain the methodology that will be used in this dissertation to facilitate the findings and arrive at the conclusion. It will explain the methods used in the research and the research questions around which the dissertation revolves. The third and fourth chapters will form the crux of this dissertation. The next chapter provides the findings and analysis of the study based on mostly on the literature review and the research method used. This chapter will deal with the analysis and evaluation of the Korean film industry with respect to the Chinese market and provide the answers to the research questions posed in the previous chapter. The last chapter, that is chapter six, will provide a conclusion, that is, a result of the findings and will be followed by recommendations to ensure that the Korean film industry continues to grow. 1.1 Background A countrys film industry represents the culture, and lifestyles of the people living in that country. The Korean fever or Korea wave is normally regarded as the substantially enhanced popularity of South Korean culture all over the world. Besides, it is regarded as Hallyu (Hangul: Hanja: RR: Hallyu), from the Korean pronunciation. In this connection, this term was coined in China in the middle of 1999 by journalists in Beijing, China, surprised by the rapid increase in the popularity of contemporary South Korean culture as well as entertainment business in mainland China. The Korean film industry represents the film industries of North Korea and South Korea. While both these countries have relatively strong film industries, only the South Korean Industry has been able to achieve international acclaim and recognition. The North Korean film industry still revolves around topics like communism and revolutionary ideas. As is the case with all other industries and aspect of life in Korea, its film industry has also had to endure the heavy influence of political incidents. Be it the Joseon Dynasty or the Korean War, the governmental influence is evident in the Korean cinema. Since the beginning, the Korean film industry revolved around such scenarios as politics, wars, and even the activities of the government. A number of variables, such as the impact of the strategies undertaken by the most successful Hollywood film producers, the availability of a large budget, and the quality of the films produced in Korea, itself had a profound influence on the film industry of Korea. 1.2 Development of the Korean Film Industry The first movie theatre of Korea was established in 1903. Before the existence of this movie theatre, the European and American films kept the Korean film screens occupied. Not only this, but in the period 1926-1930, it was the Japanese who owned, and operated the Korean cinemas. It was during this time that a series of films were launched, that provided the beginning of quality films in China. Despite the fact that the film industry of Korea was at its peak in the 1950s, yet in the 1970s and 1980s with the countrys rapid economic growth, the Korean government was under pressure to liberalize is import policies and financial markets for all industries. The film industry had depended upon the quota system to gain screen time for its product and to make sure a certain amount of revenue. The production of the Hollywood blockbuster films, itself, was a continuous threat to the film industry of Korea, not only in terms of its decreasing market share, but also down to the question of its survival. The market share was witnessing a downward trend because the Korean films were produced with a low budget and low quality in the face of the blockbuster films produced by Hollywood. As a result, the market share had dropped to as low as 15% in the late 1980s. However, soon after that, the transformation of Korean film industry had started, and Korean cinema earned recognition as a commercial cinema outside the country after the success of the blockbusters, such as the film â€Å"Shiri†. The movie was produced in 1999, and captured an audience of approximately 5 million people, making it to the top of the South Korean films. The film was so successful that it broke the records for the all time favourite, â€Å"Titanic†, and welcomed the entry of the many film prod ucers who were keen to produce internationally repudiated films for Korea. In the process, the market share of the Korean films rose to 39.7%. A number of Korean films followed the league of â€Å"Shiri†, and the fact that the government had introduced a new legislation, allowing a two day weekend for the Koreans, gave rise to the success of the Korean cinemas. In the process, the film industry of Korea was reported to grow by approximately 18% each year, and according to a variety of sources, in a period of nine years only, the market share of the Korean films had grown from 15% to 45.2%. This was taken as a good omen by many of the most successful moviemakers of Hollywood who immediately stepped in the film industry of Korea, in order to obtain licenses so as to reproduce those Korean films that had been the most successful on the box office. In these connections, the relations between national cinema and history is refraction, fluid rather than reflection, and what is intriguing about contemporary Korean cinema is how the shared political history of the 1980s has become a commercial lure for the audience. Recently, the popularity of the Korean films, Korean music, and even Korean dramas has been increasing in Asia, with the Chinese being the major viewers of such Korean television programs. With such immense success and popularity of the Korean TV programs in countries such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, along with other parts of Asia, it is not unusual to find the influence of the Korean culture and traditions, as portrayed on the Korean screens, on the Asians.   Due to this rapid spread of the Korean lifestyle, and culture in most of the Asian countries especially china, the Chinese used the word â€Å"Hallyu† to refer to the influence of Korean culture in other countries primarily through the media. This had been initiated by the broadcasting of â€Å"Daejanggeum†, a Korean drama, which made China the greatest victim of the Korean influence in 2005. Soon after, a number of articles on the new Korean wave began to be featured in journals, magazines, news papers, etc. It was even believed that the major reason for the Korean influence lies in the fact that the Korean government took advantage of the Korean screens to step out of the financial crisis, thus taking major steps to promote their film industry, and export their films. The fact that China and Korea share some similarities, not only in terms of their culture, but also down to civilizations and philosophies, explains such a deep impact of the Korean films on the Chinese. Today, both North Korea and South Korea have extremely flourished film industries. However, when it comes to global acclaim, it is undoubtedly film industry of South Korea which seems to capture the international market. The movies of North Korea focus more on rebellious, radical and insurgent themes. 1.3 Structure The aim of this research is to evaluate and analyze the relative success of the Korean film industry, and the influence of the Korean cultures in many of the Asian countries, especially China. The focus of this thesis is attempting to summarize and analyze whether and how this Korean wave is shaped in China mainland market and how it has impacted to Chinese audiences by critically commenting the latest top five Korean movies compared with the latest top five Chinese movies, reviewing the previous research findings and performing box-office performance analysis in the captured period. This will give information as to how the Korean film industry has impacted the population of China. It also aims to analyze the factors that have led to the Korean fever, and to what extent have the Chinese been influenced as the Korean traditions become prevalent in China, and other parts of Asia. The area of the research will mainly focus on the Korean film industry, as well as the film industry of China, since the top movies produced by both the countries will be compared. The area of the research will also include the other Asian countries, and the Korean cinema influence on their activities. The research objectives involve analyzing the performance of the Korean movies and the impact that they have had on Asian markets, in particular, China. The research methodology The data in this thesis is analyzed using a variety of sources. First of all, the box office performance is analyzed over the recent period, the data obtained from the Korean Film Council. The data captured from this source helped assess the market performance of the Korean films. The data is further broken down into sub-periods in order to evaluate the dynamics of the Korean films market performance. Finally, appropriate statistical techniques are used to assist our analysis. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 The Korean Wave The   â€Å"Korean Wave† or   hallyu ( à ­Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã…“à «Ã‚ ¥Ã‹Å") refers to the time period of 1990s, when Korean culture was internationally visible, not only in East Asia but even countries like United States saw a rapid surge of Korean values. Television serials, pop music, feature films and other musical forms are all part of the wave phenomenon. As the Korean wave is associated with the spread of Korean culture, it is referred as both national and a trans-national phenomenon. A great number of researched have been conducted to evaluate why and how pop culture of Korea was famous in other countries. These two regarding the success of Korean wave are distinct but not so related to each other. When government use sales figures of other countries to measure the success of Korean wave, overseas consumers are considered the arbiters of Korean culture. This signifies the ironic impact of the success of Korean culture; not only people in Korea but non Korean consumers are also being entertained by the Korean media. Infact, it was a Chinese journalist who coined the term ‘Korean wave or (hanliu à ©Ã… ¸Ã‚ © à ¦Ã‚ µ?) to describe the surprising effect of the rapid increase in popularity of contemporary South Korean culture as well as entertainment business in mainland China. Researchers believe that Korean wave is the interaction of many fields. The variable of pop culture existing in phenomenon of Korean wave has allowed it to be studied in cultural studys field (Chua and Iwabuchi 2008; Howard 2006). It is also studied along the dimensions of marketing and business, as government, promoters and corporate agents were selling the Korean culture as a commodity in the international arena.   (Cho and Kang 2005; Han and Lee 2008; Kim and others 2008; Lee, Scott, and Kim 2008). It was also evaluated as being an important concept in the political arena. The Korean government undertook measures like subsidizing the cost of reediting for the international market. Such policies and regulations by government ensured that the Korean film industry expanded successfully in other countries. (Chua and Iwabuchi 2008, 28). Suddenly, Korean government started using pop star figures to attract tourists.   (Yu-Shan Lin and Hwang 2008). 2.2 Growth of the Korean Culture In 2003, when a Korean drama serial ‘ Winter Sonata was broadcasted by Japaneses stations, it quickly became popular. Suddenly, yhe Korean mass culture gained popularity in Asian countries ( HAN, 2004:124-125) along with the word Hallyu. The word Hallyu was then associated not only with the rapid spread of Korean culture but also with the economc boom in Korea. According to G, a researcher at SAMSUNG Economic Research Institutute,   Korean wave or Hallyu was developed through four stages. In the first stage, Korean culture became popular with the increased production of films, and dramas. Second stage signified the increasing demand of products associated with the famous pop idols. In the third stage, people moved on to buy Korean goods and services like electronic products which were not directly related to pop stars. People perceived a desirable impression of Korea in the fourth stage of Hallyus developmental; cycle. 2.3 Changes in Korean Domestic Market Okon Hwang and Hillary Finchum-Sung are two researchers who were concerned with the effects of Korean Wave on the local market. Essay written by Okon Hwang title ‘No ‘Korean Wave Here: Western Classical Music and the Changing Value System in South Korea attempts to evaluate and analyze the positive impact of changing the flow of information on the successful expansion of a countrys culture. According to statistics, there has been a rapid increase in the Korean TV programs exported since 1988. This growth rate of export was more evident during the spread of Korean wave and with a sudden decrease in the foreign TV program in Korea. Since the launch of broadcasting industry in Koreas, majority of the shows broadcasted were American programs. Factors like lack of technical skills, experience and technological equipments hindered the production and the broadcast of local TV shows. The national broadcasting station of Korea was established in 1961, and since then it was dependent on foreign TV programs to fulfill the entertainment needs of the population. It was America that introduced TV sets, radio, transmitters and colored became possible when international firms gained a consensus to stop the manufacturing of monochrome TV sets. (JOUNG AND JANG, 2000:142) An audience rating survey in 1996 reflected that American programs were most popular among the Korean population. The time allotted to the broadcast of these shows increased till mid 1970s, after which more local TV programs were broadcasted. Although American TV shows like wonder women, six million dollar man, bionic woman were very popular during 1970s, but at the same time local shows increased in quality and the audience rating for them surged rapidly. A fall in the import of American TV programs was not only due to the improvement in production and broadcasting technology, but government regulations contributed significantly to reduce imports.   An order of military government to broadcast limited number of shows resulted in a competitive race between the broadcasting stations where each and every station was striving hard to increase the ratings of domestic shows. The audience rating thereby, compelled broadcasting stations to improve the quality of local shows, develop a bet ter infrastructure and acquire superior equipments. Moreover, Asian games and Olympics held in Seoul contributed a lot in increasing the audience rating of the local programs. While Korean TV shows gained popularity in 1980s, the market share of Korean films did not increase till 1990s. From the 200 movies that were produced during 1970s, only a few of them were able to break the records. Contrasting to the broadcasting industry, film industry produced movies since 1960s and was exposed to the stringent control and regulations by government. The government not only controlled the production and distribution facilities of films, but the censor department limited the freedom expression by controlling the content of movies. The establishment of the ‘law of cinema reduced the number of production firms from 70 to less than 20 and import restriction made it difficult to acquire imports without the permission of government. The year 1984 proved to be a turning point for the Korean film industry. It was during this year that censorship standards and import regulations were revised. Moviemakers were able to release movies simply after filling a permission fo rm and foreign films gained an entry in the Korean market escalating the competition level. 2.4 Changes in Broadcasting Regulations and Policies The following section has categorized the growth of Korean broadcasting industry into five stages and explains the policies of government during those stages. In the pre-takeoff stage, the TV broadcasting was not considered very important. A small number of studios existed and number of TV viewers was also limited. Authoritarian regimes existed in Korea during this pre-takeoff stage and throughout this time local media was used according to government objectives and mission. Only those dramas and movies were broadcasted which were I n line with the aims of the government. The interests of state were valued more than the interests of public (KWAK 2009). The government controlled the entry, the content and the distribution channels as well. The laws such as ‘practice outline, ‘administrative advice and ‘purification of the broadcast ensured that government controlled each and every stage of broadcasting from production to distribution of movies and dramas. In 1945, the Japanese movies, music and dramas were banned in Korea which compelled local broadcasting stations to improve the local dramas. During the transition from pre-take off to take off 1 stage, the broadcasting stations expanded rapidly, and government started imposing rules and regulations. The government control was also backed up by the military control of the government. In the takeoff stage 2, all stations were unified into two networks. In the maturity stage, the democratization of politics greatly affected the cultural industry.   Commercial broadcaster entered the industry and government viewed this industry as a potential one in terms of supporting the economy. There was a shift in paradigm and government undertook several policies in 1990 to support the industry. These included: Ownership for commercial broadcasting Outsourcing production programs was allowed Human resource training of broadcasting professional Participation in trade fairs was encouraged A broadcast video industry promotion plan was introduced All these policies supported the broadcasting industry to move from the maturity to the expansion stage. 2.4.1 Effects of These Policies The control of foreign flow of information and the supporting policies contributed immensely to the growth of the cultural industry. Allowing the outsourcing of production programs meant that there an   increase in the independent production companies which created a competitive environment causing different station to find ways to increase the quality and standard of services if they were to remain in the industry. The infrastructure facilities supported the growth of small firms which handled operation for the independent companies. The ban of Japanese programs proved as an incentive for the local producers. However, some other government policies like increasing the participation in trade fairs was not effective as many negotiations were done outside the fair. The direct financial supported did not have any significant impact on the export of domestic programs as large proportion of it was given to the documentary programs. 2.5 Changes in the Film Industry This section has grouped the development of film industry in four stages. The film industry existed for many years unlike the broadcasting industry. Expanding the domestic market size of film industry proved to be difficult because of the different economic environment of the film industry. The advertisements were the most important source of revenue for the broadcasting industry; thereby it was related to economic development of country. However, the source of revenue for the film industry was sales in box office and for that it was necessary to produce some block buster movies. In the pre- takeoff stage, government introduce ‘law of cinema to support the industry. It believed that it was important to increase the size of production companies and for that it restricted the entry in film industry. It became essential for companies to have a certain amount of production facilities and equipments before they could enter. Moreover the policies related to censorship made it difficult to export film in foreign countries. In the take off stage, theatre entrance fees was increased, which contributed to the expansion of market size. Although the strict policies of censor existed as well as other governments controls, still the market was seen to expand with just the increase in entrance fees. In 1984, when restrictions were removed, the film industry moved to the maturity stage with number of film companies increasing, talented people were attracted and it appealed the electronic companies as well. Foreign distribution companies entered the local market, increasing the standard of competition. In the expansion stage, the quality of Korean movies increased significantly and various Korean movies won international awards. 2.5.1 Effects of these changes The introduction of screen quota system ensured that a certain budget and screening time was allocated to movies.   The educational support by Korean Academy of Film Arts supported the industry by providing talented actors. Indirect financial system such as loans proved to be an incentive for moviemakers. The foreign distribution policies such as supporting filmmakers to participate in international festivals helped in making global networks. 2.6 Positive Effects of the Korean Wave As mentioned above, Korean government contributed a lot towards the development of the Korean wave. The government aided the media industries, broadcasting stations and networks to expand and promote the Korean pop culture internationally. The main aim behind this action was to boost up the Korean economy and develop a positive national image. The government was successful in achieving both of the aims. Korean pop stars attracted attention of viewers all over the world. Korean government took advantage of their increasing popularity and used them to gain attention for other commercial sectors such as the tourism sector of Korea. The success of TV drams like â€Å"Winter Sonata† attracted tourist from around the world who visited Korea especially to see places where this drama was filmed. Businesses like travel agents were also taking advantage of the situation by customizing the themes of group tours according to the themes of different dramas for e.g. a tour was titled â€Å"Best of Korean drama trailer deluxe tour†. Pop idols or drama stars revolutionized the consumer culture of Korea. Food and fashion trends (including make-up, clothing) were changing and consumers all over Korea were suddenly following their favorite drama stars. Theses consumers called themselves the members of ‘Korean tribe. Consumers not only imitated the fashion style of their idols but went ahead to look like their idols with the help of plastic surgery. The posters and pictures of Korean stars were seen everywhere, from backpacks to notebooks and the wall. For example, Inlingua School in Singapore reported a 60% increase in the number of students willing to learn Korean in 2003 as compared to 2001 because of the attention generated by Korean movies and dramas. Almost every organization in the Korean economy benefitted from Korean wave. Pop stars were used to sell different goods and service. Celebrity endorsements were used extensively to promote superior brand image. Pop idols took advantage of their gaining popularity through several means. According to news, Actor Kwon Sang Woo charged $200 for some seats at a fan meeting in Tokyo. Tickets were also auctioned online for as much as $500. Moreover, according to a match making service, the role of pop stars as being romantic lovers led to the perception Korean men were generally like that in real life as well. It was due to this fact that more than 6400 female required match making services to find suitable Korean lover for them. The impact of the Korean wave was not only limited to the Korean economy, but it affected the lives of pop idols themselves. After Korean wave, Korean male celebrities like Bae Yong Joon were one of the highest paid actors in the worldwide film industry.   There are some positive impacts associated with the consideration of Korean wave as a transnational phenomenon. Apart from earning foreign currency for the local economy, it helped in improving the foreign relations of Korea. Korea had a long history of diplomatic frictions with the neighboring countries. Korean soldiers fought against the Liberation Army of Vietnam and it established ties with Beijing in 1992 at the cost of its relations with Taipei. 2.7 Negative Effects of the Korean Wave Korean wave has been criticized due to several reasons. It isbelieved that it was introduction of foreign films in Korean cinemas that threatened the Korean culture. According to a Chinese news magazine, government of South Korea was representing its culture as the essence of Asian culture.   Before the Korean wave, classical music has been a part of cultural accomplishments and was a source of pride for the Korean population. But after the Korean wave, classical music and culture was suddenly replaced by the pop culture. Increasing Demand for the pop culture was no longer considered a problem and government exported it to foreign countries. There was an overall change in the conceptual framework as the Ministry of Sports and tourism promoted venues and advertising campaigns by incorporating classical and pop culture.   Finchum-Sung explained how the dynamics of these new measures resulted in the formation of new form of cultural production. The neighbouring countries of Korea undertook several measures to protect their own entertainment industry. Chinese media limited the amount of time for the broadcast of Korean dramas. The government of Vietnam also threatened to ban Korean shows if the number of Vietnamese shows on Korean television was not increased. Taiwan also considered limiting the foreign shows played on national television. All these examples prove that countries were retaliating against the success of Korean wave. 2.8 The Korean Wave in China and Japan The development of the Korean wave phenomenon was most evident in China and Japan because of several reasons. The culture of Korea, China and Japan are very similar to each other. the Korean wave initially began in China, which is the most attractive and profitable market for the Korean products. Japan also happens to be the biggest consumer market of Asia. According to Jung, Japanese TV dramas were creatively transformed for the production of Korean dramas which contributed immensely to the increasing popularity of Korean dramas among young people all over Asia, including Japan and China (Iwabuchi 2008, 153). In fact the concept of Korean wave has generated a new dimension in the one way flow of globalization and researchers have been forced to revise it (Kim Sujeong 2009; Jeon and Yoon 2005). Korean wave is an appropriate example of mutual circulation of cultural values between the non-western countries. It questions the existing theories relating to the belief that information flows from western to non-western countries. According to the imperialism theory, capitalist societies of west have threatened the growth of non-western cultures and have homogenized them. (Schiller, 1976, 1991; Hamelink, 1983; Mattelart, 1984). Even during 1970s the unilateral structure of information flow was based on dependency theory suggesting that information was sent by First World countries and received by Third World countries. In 1980s, some new approaches developed with the growth of media in Korea. These new approaches extended the application of imperialism domination to the field of communication technology. However, this was also criticized by researchers, (Tomlinson, 1989 ; Friedman, Pieterse Hall) according to whom the information was not exchanged unilaterally.   The imperialism theory was then replaced by globalization, which promoted a greater understanding of diverse cultures. (Friedman, 267. Pieterse also argues that the impact of non-western culture on west should not be ignored (Pieterse, 307~9). The growth of global television in 1990s contributed significantly to flow of information from Asian economies to western economies. (Barker, 1999). As the media in Asian markets grew, western TV programs were imported to these nations while at the same time TV programs of these nations were exported to western countries. Therefore Chan (2000) addressed that China could be a centre of this unique mass cultural expansion in Asian regions. 2.9 Factors Supporting the Korean Wave in China There are many contextual and textual factors that are thought by researchers to have facilitated the rapid expansion of the Korean wave in China. Contextual factors are all those which consist of the wider aspect of Sino-Korean relationship as well as the various changes in China which helped in the diffusion of Korean culture in China. These factors include the relationship between China and Korea, the cultural exchange in Asia, the reforms in the Chinese culture â€Å"industry† and the Chinese audience. On the other hand, the textual aspect has more to do with the strength of the Korean drama and includes factors like the similarity between the cultures of the two countries (resulting in an emotional involvement) and the fact that the Chinese audience see the Korean cinema as a mixture of traditional values with modern style, which adds to its appeal. 2.9.1 Contextual Factors Contextual factors consist of wide aspect of Sino-Korean relationship as well as varied changes in China, which supported the diffusion of Korean culture in china. Sino-Korean relations and cultural exchange within Asia There have been historical and geographical connections between China and Korea. The relations between both the countries have been strained since the communist regime. However in 1992, diplomatic relations improved leading to superior economic and cultural ties. Due to its open policy, china has always permitted the expansion of foreign culture in its region. Many cultures like Japanese, and Taiwan were imported to China. By 1990s, Korean culture also started spreading rapidly in China. China has been a hub of Confucianism for many years. Socialist culture was not a source of satisfaction for Chinese people. Western culture was also not popular among Chinese people. They did not accept Japanese culture as well, and the roots of these sentiments were embedded in historical Japanese invasion of china. It is believed that Chinese people were looking for their identities when Korean culture was introduced in China. Chinese people had anti-Japan and anti-war sentiments but no anti- Korea sentiments existed. In fact Korean culture was perceived as a favourable culture, with a lot of talented people. Chinese cultural industry The cultural market of China has always been highlighted due to its open policies. These